Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and artemether-lumefantrine for treating uncomplicated malaria in African children: a randomised, non-inferiority trial
Authors
Bassat, QuiqueMulenga, Modest
Tinto, Halidou
Piola, Patrice
Borrmann, Steffen
Menéndez, Clara
Nambozi, Michael
Valéa, Innocent
Nabasumba, Carolyn
Sasi, Philip
Bacchieri, Antonella
Corsi, Marco
Ubben, David
Talisuna, Ambrose
D'Alessandro, Umberto
Affiliation
Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Manhiça Health Research Centre (CISM), Manhiça, Mozambique; Tropical Disease Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia; Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, IRSS/DRO, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Epicentre/MSF, Mbarara, Uganda; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya; University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Sigma Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite, Pomezia, Rome, Italy; Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland; Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumIssue Date
2009-11-17
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PLoS ONEAbstract
BACKGROUND: Artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) are currently the preferred option for treating uncomplicated malaria. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQP) is a promising fixed-dose ACT with limited information on its safety and efficacy in African children. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The non-inferiority of DHA-PQP versus artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in children 6-59 months old with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria was tested in five African countries (Burkina Faso, Kenya, Mozambique, Uganda and Zambia). Patients were randomised (2:1) to receive either DHA-PQP or AL. Non-inferiority was assessed using a margin of -5% for the lower limit of the one-sided 97.5% confidence interval on the treatment difference (DHA-PQP vs. AL) of the day 28 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) corrected cure rate. Efficacy analysis was performed in several populations, and two of them are presented here: intention-to-treat (ITT) and enlarged per-protocol (ePP). 1553 children were randomised, 1039 receiving DHA-PQP and 514 AL. The PCR-corrected day 28 cure rate was 90.4% (ITT) and 94.7% (ePP) in the DHA-PQP group, and 90.0% (ITT) and 95.3% (ePP) in the AL group. The lower limits of the one-sided 97.5% CI of the difference between the two treatments were -2.80% and -2.96%, in the ITT and ePP populations, respectively. In the ITT population, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the proportion of new infections up to Day 42 was 13.55% (95% CI: 11.35%-15.76%) for DHA-PQP vs 24.00% (95% CI: 20.11%-27.88%) for AL (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: DHA-PQP is as efficacious as AL in treating uncomplicated malaria in African children from different endemicity settings, and shows a comparable safety profile. The occurrence of new infections within the 42-day follow up was significantly lower in the DHA-PQP group, indicating a longer post-treatment prophylactic effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-trials.com ISRCTN16263443.PubMed ID
19936217Type
ArticleLanguage
enISSN
1932-6203ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1371/journal.pone.0007871
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