Varying efficacy of artesunate+amodiaquine and artesunate+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a report of two in-vivo studies
Authors
Bonnet, MarylineBroek, Ingrid van den
van Herp, Michel
Urrutia, Pedro Pablo Palma
van Overmeir, Chantal
Kyomuhendo, Juliet
Ndosimao, Célestin Nsibu
Ashley, Elizabeth
Guthmann, Jean-Paul
Affiliation
Epicentre, Geneva, Switzerland; Epicentre, Paris, France; Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium; Médecins Sans Frontières, Barcelona, Spain; Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Antwerp, Belgium; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; National Malaria Control Programme, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo; Unité des Maladies à Prévention Vaccinale, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice cedex, FranceIssue Date
2009-10-08
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Malaria JournalAbstract
BACKGROUND: Very few data on anti-malarial efficacy are available from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). DRC changed its anti-malarial treatment policy to amodiaquine (AQ) and artesunate (AS) in 2005. METHODS: The results of two in vivo efficacy studies, which tested AQ and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) monotherapies and AS+SP and AS+AQ combinations in Boende (Equatorial province), and AS+SP, AS+AQ and SP in Kabalo (Katanga province), between 2003 and 2004 are presented. The methodology followed the WHO 2003 protocol for assessing the efficacy of anti-malarials in areas of high transmission. RESULTS: Out of 394 included patients in Boende, the failure rates on day 28 after PCR-genotyping adjustment of AS+SP and AS+AQ were estimated as 24.6% [95% CI: 16.6-35.5] and 15.1% [95% CI: 8.6-25.7], respectively. For the monotherapies, failure rates were 35.9% [95% CI: 27.0-46.7] for SP and 18.3% [95% CI: 11.6-28.1] for AQ. Out of 207 patients enrolled in Kabalo, the failure rate on day 28 after PCR-genotyping adjustment was 0 [1-sided 95% CI: 5.8] for AS+SP and AS+AQ [1-sided 95% CI: 6.2]. It was 19.6% [95% CI: 11.4-32.7] for SP monotherapy. CONCLUSION: The finding of varying efficacy of the same combinations at two sites in one country highlights one difficulty of implementing a uniform national treatment policy in a large country. The poor efficacy of AS+AQ in Boende should alert the national programme to foci of resistance and emphasizes the need for systems for the prospective monitoring of treatment efficacy at sentinel sites in the country.PubMed ID
19664280Additional Links
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/8/1/192Type
ArticleLanguage
enISSN
1475-2875ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1186/1475-2875-8-192
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