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    Jan 17, 2021
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    Unacceptably high mortality related to measles epidemics in Niger, Nigeria, and Chad.

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    Authors
    Grais, R
    Dubray, C
    Gerstl, S
    Guthmann, J P
    Djibo, A
    Nargaye, K D
    Coker, J
    Alberti, K P
    Cochet, A
    Ihekweazu, C
    Nathan, N
    Payne, L
    Porten, K
    Sauvageot, D
    Schimmer, B
    Fermon, F
    Burny, M E
    Hersh, B S
    Guerin, P J
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    Affiliation
    Epicentre, Paris, France. rebecca.grais@epicentre.msf.org
    Issue Date
    2007-01
    
    Metadata
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    Journal
    PLoS Medicine
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Despite the comprehensive World Health Organization (WHO)/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) measles mortality-reduction strategy and the Measles Initiative, a partnership of international organizations supporting measles mortality reduction in Africa, certain high-burden countries continue to face recurrent epidemics. To our knowledge, few recent studies have documented measles mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of our study was to investigate measles mortality in three recent epidemics in Niamey (Niger), N'Djamena (Chad), and Adamawa State (Nigeria). METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted three exhaustive household retrospective mortality surveys in one neighbourhood of each of the three affected areas: Boukoki, Niamey, Niger (April 2004, n = 26,795); Moursal, N'Djamena, Chad (June 2005, n = 21,812); and Dong District, Adamawa State, Nigeria (April 2005, n = 16,249), where n is the total surveyed population in each of the respective areas. Study populations included all persons resident for at least 2 wk prior to the study, a duration encompassing the measles incubation period. Heads of households provided information on measles cases, clinical outcomes up to 30 d after rash onset, and health-seeking behaviour during the epidemic. Measles cases and deaths were ascertained using standard WHO surveillance-case definitions. Our main outcome measures were measles attack rates (ARs) and case fatality ratios (CFRs) by age group, and descriptions of measles complications and health-seeking behaviour. Measles ARs were the highest in children under 5 y old (under 5 y): 17.1% in Boukoki, 17.2% in Moursal, and 24.3% in Dong District. CFRs in under 5-y-olds were 4.6%, 4.0%, and 10.8% in Boukoki, Moursal, and Dong District, respectively. In all sites, more than half of measles cases in children aged under 5 y experienced acute respiratory infection and/or diarrhoea in the 30 d following rash onset. Of measles cases, it was reported that 85.7% (979/1,142) of patients visited a health-care facility within 30 d after rash onset in Boukoki, 73.5% (519/706) in Moursal, and 52.8% (603/1,142) in Dong District. CONCLUSIONS: Children in these countries still face unacceptably high mortality from a completely preventable disease. While the successes of measles mortality-reduction strategies and progress observed in measles control in other countries of the region are laudable and evident, they should not overshadow the need for intensive efforts in countries that have just begun implementation of the WHO/UNICEF comprehensive strategy.
    Publisher
    Public Library of Science
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10144/15415
    DOI
    10.1371/journal.pmed.0040016
    PubMed ID
    17199407
    Additional Links
    http://medicine.plosjournals.org
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1549-1676
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1371/journal.pmed.0040016
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Paediatrics

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