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    Jan 16, 2021
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    Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis--Current dilemmas, unanswered questions, challenges, and priority needs

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    Authors
    Zumla, A
    Abubakar, I
    Raviglione, M
    Hoelscher, M
    Ditiu, L
    McHugh, T D
    Squire, S B
    Cox, H
    Ford, N
    McNerney, R
    Marais, B
    Grobusch, M
    Lawn, S D
    Migliori, G-B
    Mwaba, P
    O'Grady, J
    Pletschette, M
    Ramsay, A
    Chakaya, J
    Schito, M
    Swaminathan, S
    Memish, Z
    Maeurer, M
    Atun, R
    Show allShow less
    Affiliation
    University College London, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, London, UK. a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk
    Issue Date
    2012-04-03
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Journal
    Journal of Infectious Diseases
    Abstract
    Tuberculosis was declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. Following the declaration and the promotion in 1995 of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS), a cost-effective strategy to contain the tuberculosis epidemic, nearly 7 million lives have been saved compared with the pre-DOTS era, high cure rates have been achieved in most countries worldwide, and the global incidence of tuberculosis has been in a slow decline since the early 2000s. However, the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis, and more recently, totally drug-resistant tuberculosis pose a threat to global tuberculosis control. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a man-made problem. Laboratory facilities for drug susceptibility testing are inadequate in most tuberculosis-endemic countries, especially in Africa; thus diagnosis is missed, routine surveillance is not implemented, and the actual numbers of global drug-resistant tuberculosis cases have yet to be estimated. This exposes an ominous situation and reveals an urgent need for commitment by national programs to health system improvement because the response to MDR tuberculosis requires strong health services in general. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and XDR tuberculosis greatly complicate patient management within resource-poor national tuberculosis programs, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing the cost of treatment to the extent that it could bankrupt healthcare financing in tuberculosis-endemic areas. Why, despite nearly 20 years of WHO-promoted activity and >12 years of MDR tuberculosis-specific activity, has the country response to the drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic been so ineffectual? The current dilemmas, unanswered questions, operational issues, challenges, and priority needs for global drug resistance screening and surveillance, improved treatment regimens, and management of outcomes and prevention of DR tuberculosis are discussed.
    Publisher
    Oxford University Press
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10144/303524
    DOI
    10.1093/infdis/jir858
    PubMed ID
    22476720
    Additional Links
    http://jid.oxfordjournals.org//cgi/reprint/205/suppl_2/S228?ijkey=o10CCvFYKn7TI&keytype=ref&siteid=jinfdis
    Language
    en
    Description
    To access this article, click on "Additional Links"
    ISSN
    1537-6613
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/infdis/jir858
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    TB

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