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    Apr 17, 2021
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    Severe hyperlactataemia complicating stavudine first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

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    Authors
    Stead, D
    Osler, M
    Boulle, A
    Rebe, K
    Meintjes, G
    Affiliation
    GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. davestead@mweb.co.za
    Issue Date
    2008-11
    
    Metadata
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    Journal
    Antiviral therapy
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: In the public sector antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in South Africa the standardized first-line regimen includes stavudine (d4T). Severe symptomatic hyperlactataemia (SHL) is a potentially life-threatening complication of d4T. METHODS: GF Jooste Hospital is a referral centre for six ART clinics. We retrospectively reviewed cases referred with lactate levels > or =5 mmol/l that were attributed to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors from August 2003 to November 2005. We calculated cumulative ART exposure in patients attending these clinics to derive a referral rate. RESULTS: In total, 75 patients were referred with severe SHL (71 female). All had been on d4T and on ART for a median of 10 months. The referral rate for severe SHL was 17.5 cases per 1,000 patient-years. In 53 patients (71%), lactic acidosis (standard bicarbonate [SHCO3] <20 mmol/l) was confirmed, resulting in a referral rate of 12.3 cases per 1,000 patient-years. Twelve patients (16%) died during acute admission (< or =30 days). SHCO3 <15 mmol/l and pH < 7.2 were the only factors associated with acute mortality (odds ratio [OR] 22.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-1,045.7 and OR 13.9, 95% CI 2.7-86.9, respectively). A total of 30 less severe cases were rechallenged with zidovudine without recurrence of SHL. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms a high incidence of severe SHL in Africa, which has been shown in previous studies. Rechallenge with zidovudine in less severe cases was found to be safe.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10144/41770
    PubMed ID
    19043928
    Additional Links
    http://www.intmedpress.com
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1359-6535
    Collections
    HIV/AIDS

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