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    Jan 23, 2021
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    Markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo; implications for malaria chemoprevention.

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    Name:
    van Lenthe et al 2019 Markers ...
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    Authors
    van Lenthe, M
    van der Meulen, R
    Lassovski, M
    Ouabo, A
    Bakula, E
    Badio, C
    Cibenda, D
    Okell, L
    Piriou, E
    Grignard, L
    Lanke, K
    Rao, B
    Bousema, T
    Roper, C
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    Issue Date
    2019-12-18
    Submitted date
    2020-01-23
    
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    Journal
    Malaria Journal
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a cornerstone of malaria chemoprophylaxis and is considered for programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). However, SP efficacy is threatened by drug resistance, that is conferred by mutations in the dhfr and dhps genes. The World Health Organization has specified that intermittent preventive treatment for infants (IPTi) with SP should be implemented only if the prevalence of the dhps K540E mutation is under 50%. There are limited current data on the prevalence of resistance-conferring mutations available from Eastern DRC. The current study aimed to address this knowledge gap. METHODS: Dried blood-spot samples were collected from clinically suspected malaria patients [outpatient department (OPD)] and pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in four sites in North and South Kivu, DRC. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed on samples from individuals with positive and with negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results. Dhps K450E and A581G and dhfr I164L were assessed by nested PCR followed by allele-specific primer extension and detection by multiplex bead-based assays. RESULTS: Across populations, Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence was 47.9% (1160/2421) by RDT and 71.7 (1763/2421) by qPCR. Median parasite density measured by qPCR in RDT-negative qPCR-positive samples was very low with a median of 2.3 parasites/µL (IQR 0.5-25.2). Resistance genotyping was successfully performed in RDT-positive samples and RDT-negative/qPCR-positive samples with success rates of 86.2% (937/1086) and 55.5% (361/651), respectively. The presence of dhps K540E was high across sites (50.3-87.9%), with strong evidence for differences between sites (p < 0.001). Dhps A581G mutants were less prevalent (12.7-47.2%). The dhfr I164L mutation was found in one sample. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the SP resistance marker dhps K540E exceeds 50% in all four study sites in North and South Kivu, DRC. K540E mutations regularly co-occurred with mutations in dhps A581G but not with the dhfr I164L mutation. The current results do not support implementation of IPTi with SP in the study area.
    Publisher
    BioMed Central
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10144/619583
    DOI
    10.1186/s12936-019-3057-7
    PubMed ID
    31852480
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1475-2875
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1186/s12936-019-3057-7
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Malaria

    entitlement

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