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    Apr 17, 2021
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    Selection strength and hitchhiking around two anti-malarial resistance genes.

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    Authors
    Nash, D
    Nair, S
    Mayxay, M
    Newton, P N
    Guthmann, J P
    Nosten, F
    Anderson, T J C
    Affiliation
    Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (SFBR), San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
    Issue Date
    2005-06-07
    Submitted date
    2009-03-13
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Journal
    Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society
    Abstract
    Neutral mutations may hitchhike to high frequency when they are situated close to sites under positive selection, generating local reductions in genetic diversity. This process is thought to be an important determinant of levels of genomic variation in natural populations. The size of genome regions affected by genetic hitchhiking is expected to be dependent on the strength of selection, but there is little empirical data supporting this prediction. Here, we compare microsatellite variation around two drug resistance genes (chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt), chromosome 7, and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), chromosome 4) in malaria parasite populations exposed to strong (Thailand) or weak selection (Laos) by anti-malarial drugs. In each population, we examined the point mutations underlying resistance and length variation at 22 (chromosome 4) or 25 (chromosome 7) microsatellite markers across these chromosomes. All parasites from Thailand carried the K76T mutation in pfcrt conferring resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and 2-4 mutations in dhfr conferring resistance to pyrimethamine. By contrast, we found both wild-type and resistant alleles at both genes in Laos. There were dramatic differences in the extent of hitchhiking in the two countries. The size of genome regions affected was smaller in Laos than in Thailand. We observed significant reduction in variation relative to sensitive parasites for 34-64 kb (2-4 cM) in Laos on chromosome 4, compared with 98-137 kb (6-8 cM) in Thailand. Similarly, on chromosome 7, we observed reduced variation for 34-69 kb (2-4 cM) around pfcrt in Laos, but for 195-268 kb (11-16 cM) in Thailand. Reduction in genetic variation was also less extreme in Laos than in Thailand. Most loci were monomorphic in a 12 kb region surrounding both genes on resistant chromosomes from Thailand, whereas in Laos, even loci immediately proximal to selective sites showed some variation on resistant chromosomes. Finally, linkage disequilibrium (LD) decayed more rapidly around resistant pfcrt and dhfr alleles from Laos than from Thailand. These results demonstrate that different realizations of the same selective sweeps may vary considerably in size and shape, in a manner broadly consistent with selection history. From a practical perspective, genomic regions containing resistance genes may be most effectively located by genome-wide association in populations exposed to strong drug selection. However, the lower levels of LD surrounding resistance alleles in populations under weak selection may simplify identification of functional mutations.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10144/66034
    DOI
    10.1098/rspb.2004.3026
    PubMed ID
    16024377
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    0962-8452
    Sponsors
    Epicentre
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1098/rspb.2004.3026
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Malaria

    entitlement

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